This is my first attempt at an "Online Lesson". It is not meant to stand alone, but to be a support resource. Much of the information for this lesson came from my classroom multimedia presentation created with More. This lesson is also aligned to my classroom textbook Merrill Life Science - Chapter 9. The goal of this project is to produce a web site which supports students searching for information concerning the Kingdom of Protista..

Vocabulary (Key Science Words) Some of these terms are shared with the Fungi Lesson and may not be used.
algae asci basidium budding chitin cilia hyphae lichen	mutualistic protists protozoa pseudopods sporongia spores sympiosis

Kingdom Protista Characteristics

• Members of this kingdom are often microscopic (unicellular)
• Some protists can make their own food others cannot
• Some protists display much movement others little.

Protista Classification

• Most are microscopic, one-celled organisms.
• Some form colonies of many cells
• May have qualities of both animals and plants
• Some make their own food through photosynthesis
• Many have movement
  • Protozoans - "Animal-like" protista

Algae

• All Those members of the protista kingdom which act like plants
• Algaes are also found in the Moneran and Plant kingdoms
• Possess more "Plant-like" characteristics
• Other "algaes" are grouped with the monerans and others with plants.
• Vary in color and often named by its color.
• Most live in water, some on damp surfaces
• Make up a large part of the plankton of the oceans
• All algae contain chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis

Algae Classification
Euglenoids Most are unicellular Possess movement like animals Move by using whip like tail called flagellum (one only) Example Euglena Reproduces asexually Euglenoid Parts Nucleus Chloroplasts Flagellum Eye spot Cell membrane
Diatoms - Chrysophyta (golden algae) Golden brown algae Two part shell of silicon (glass) Food stored as oil Responsible for most oil consumed today Diatom Parts
Dinoflagellates - Pyrophyta Surrounded with "plates" Has two flagella Phosphorescent algae Responsible for "red tides" Contains toxins

Protozoans

• Protozoans - "Animal-like" protista
• All Those members of the protista kingdom which act like animals
• Cannot make their own food
• Most display a great deal of movement
• Protozoans
• Possess many "Animal-like" characteristics
• Particularly movement
• Some cannot make their own food
• Many relationships from - free living, parasitic, saprophytic, mutualistic
• Often classified by how they move
  • Amoeba - moves with Pseudopods (false feet)
  • Paramecium - moves with cilia
  • Flagellates - move like the Euglena flagellum
  • Sporozoans - produce spores
  • Amoeba - moves with Pseudopods

Phylum Sarcodina Pseudopods (false feet) projections of cytoplasm. Some surrounded by a calcium "shell" Amoeba has no definite shape Amoeba Parts Nucleus Pseudopods Food Vacuole Cell membrane Amoeba Feeding Pseudopods Amoeba Movement Pseudopods Shape is constantly changing Food is surrounded by pseudopods and stored in a food vacuole Amoeba Movement and Feeding	Amoeba Reproduction Asexual reproduction Pseudopods start pulling apart Nuclear material replicates itself Pseudopods pull apart splitting the cell The nucleus splits Two smaller cells result
Paramecium Moves using cilia - short hairs lining cell Ciliophora Paramecium Parts Macro nucleus Micronucleus Cilia Food Vacuole Contractile Vacuole Oral Groove Cell membrane Other Ciliophora Stentor Vorticella Spinostomium Paramecium Reproduction Asexual reproduction Nuclear material replicates itself Nuclear material splits itself Cell starts pulling apart Two smaller cells result	Double Click To See Quicktime Movie Of Cilia Ciliate Protista
Flagellates - move like the Euglena Mastigophora Often have more than one flagellum The organism which causes African sleeping sickness - carried by the testie fly Some live in the digestive tracts of termites and assist in the digestion of cellulose.
Sporozoans - produce spores Sporozoans Passive movement (none) The organism which causes Malaria

Fungus Like Protists All Those members of the protista kingdom which act like fungus Small group Often brightly colored Slime Molds Myxomycota Multicellular Change form during life cycle Tend to live in damp locations Slime Molds The three stages are similar to that of other organisms.

Research Links:

• Cells Alive
• Protist Image Data
• Amoeba pictures
• Paramecium caudatum pictures
• Euglena pictures
• Spirogyra pictures
• Hydrodictyon pictures
• Diatom pictures
• Zygnema pictures
• Volvox pictures
• Vorticella pictures
• Stentor pictures
• Protista
• Protista images
• Microphotos
• Protista: Pictures and Information
• Fungi
• Protista Internet Resources
• Fungi Fun Facts
• Protista Internet Resources

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Updated February 08. 1999

Copyright ©, 1996 Tim Lynch . rlynch@kent.k12.wa.us